重新配置图中的两个最短路径意味着通过一次改变一个顶点来修改一个最短的路径，使得所有中间路径也是最短路径。这个问题有几个自然应用，即：（a）改造道路网络，（b）在同步多处理设置中重新排出数据包，（c）运输集装箱存货问题，以及（d）列车编组问题。在作为图形问题的建模时，（a）是最常规的情况而（b），（c）和（d）是对不同图形类的限制。我们表明（a）是棘手的，即使对于问题的轻松变体也是如此。对于（b），（c）和（d），我们提出了有效的算法来解决各自的问题。我们还将问题概括为当最多$ k $（对于固定整数$ k \ geq k \ ge $ k \ geq 2 $）一次连续的顶点一次可以一次更改。

The technocrat epoch is overflowing with new technologies and such cutting-edge facilities accompany the risks and pitfalls. Robotic process automation is another innovation that empowers the computerization of high-volume, manual, repeatable, everyday practice, rule-based, and unmotivating human errands. The principal objective of Robotic Process Automation is to supplant monotonous human errands with a virtual labor force or a computerized specialist playing out a similar work as the human laborer used to perform. This permits human laborers to zero in on troublesome undertakings and critical thinking. Robotic Process Automation instruments are viewed as straightforward and strong for explicit business process computerization. Robotic Process Automation comprises intelligence to decide if a process should occur. It has the capability to analyze the data presented and provide a decision based on the logic parameters set in place by the developer. Moreover, it does not demand for system integration, like other forms of automation. Be that as it may since the innovation is yet arising, the Robotic Process Automation faces a few difficulties during the execution.

Causal phenomena associated with rare events frequently occur across a wide range of engineering and mathematical problems, such as risk-sensitive safety analysis, accident analysis and prevention, and extreme value theory. However, current methods for causal discovery are often unable to uncover causal links between random variables that manifest only when the variables first experience low-probability realizations. To address this issue, we introduce a novel algorithm that performs statistical independence tests on data collected from time-invariant dynamical systems in which rare but consequential events occur. We seek to understand if the state of the dynamical system causally affects the likelihood of the rare event. In particular, we exploit the time-invariance of the underlying data to superimpose the occurrences of rare events, thus creating a new dataset, with rare events are better represented, on which conditional independence tests can be more efficiently performed. We provide non-asymptotic bounds for the consistency of our algorithm, and validate the performance of our algorithm across various simulated scenarios, with applications to traffic accidents.

We present a smoothly broken power law functional form that accurately models and extrapolates the scaling behaviors of deep neural networks (i.e. how the evaluation metric of interest varies as the amount of compute used for training, number of model parameters, training dataset size, or upstream performance varies) for each task within a large and diverse set of upstream and downstream tasks, in zero-shot, prompted, and fine-tuned settings. This set includes large-scale vision and unsupervised language tasks, diffusion generative modeling of images, arithmetic, and reinforcement learning. When compared to other functional forms for neural scaling behavior, this functional form yields extrapolations of scaling behavior that are considerably more accurate on this set. Moreover, this functional form accurately models and extrapolates scaling behavior that other functional forms are incapable of expressing such as the non-monotonic transitions present in the scaling behavior of phenomena such as double descent and the delayed, sharp inflection points present in the scaling behavior of tasks such as arithmetic. Lastly, we use this functional form to glean insights about the limit of the predictability of scaling behavior. Code is available at https://github.com/ethancaballero/broken_neural_scaling_laws

Individual neurons in neural networks often represent a mixture of unrelated features. This phenomenon, called polysemanticity, can make interpreting neural networks more difficult and so we aim to understand its causes. We propose doing so through the lens of feature \emph{capacity}, which is the fractional dimension each feature consumes in the embedding space. We show that in a toy model the optimal capacity allocation tends to monosemantically represent the most important features, polysemantically represent less important features (in proportion to their impact on the loss), and entirely ignore the least important features. Polysemanticity is more prevalent when the inputs have higher kurtosis or sparsity and more prevalent in some architectures than others. Given an optimal allocation of capacity, we go on to study the geometry of the embedding space. We find a block-semi-orthogonal structure, with differing block sizes in different models, highlighting the impact of model architecture on the interpretability of its neurons.

本文开发了一种协作人类机器人探索的方法，该方法利用了隐式协调。大多数自动的单机器人和多机器人勘探系统都要求远程操作员为机器人团队提供明确的指导。很少有人考虑如何将人类合作伙伴与机器人一起嵌入到该领域的指导。对人类机器人探索的剩下的挑战是从人类到机器人的目标有效沟通。在本文中，我们开发了一种方法论，该方法从人的头上的头盔深度相机到机器人的头盔深度摄像头，以及一个基于信息增益的探索目标，并在人类提供的观点中偏向运动计划。结果是一个安全访问感兴趣区域的空中系统，该区域可能无法立即被人类查看或无法触及。该方法在模拟和运动捕获场中的硬件实验中进行了评估。仿真和硬件实验的视频可在以下网址提供：https：//youtu.be/7jgkbpvfioe。

本文通过开发一种层次碰撞避免方法来改善基于安全的多旋转器的近电视，该方法根据环境复杂性和感知约束来调节最大速度。在表现出不同混乱的环境中，安全速度调制具有挑战性。现有方法固定了最大速度和地图分辨率，该方法可防止车辆进入狭窄的空间，并将认知负荷置于操作员上的速度。我们通过提出一种高速公路（10 Hz）的远程操作方法来解决这些差距，该方法通过分层碰撞检查调节最大车辆速度。分层碰撞检查器同时适应当地地图的体素尺寸和最大车辆速度，以确保运动计划安全。在模拟和现实世界实验中评估了所提出的方法，并将其与基于非自适应运动原语的远程操作方法进行了比较。结果证明了所提出的详细方法方法的优势以及完成任务的能力，而无需用户指定最大车辆速度。

在动态地形和环境中，最佳的运动和有效遍历外星漫游器是行星科学和地球物理系统领域的重要问题陈述。为行星流浪者的悬架机理设计最高级有效的架构是迈向健壮的流浪者的关键步骤。本文重点介绍了摇杆转型机制，这是一种与外国地形相关的标准悬架方法。在审查了可用的先前文献并利用各种优化和全局最小化算法之后，本文提供了一项有关流浪者悬架机制的机械设计优化的新研究。本文对模拟退火，遗传算法，群智能技术，盆地希望和差异进化进行了广泛的测试，同时彻底评估了每个相关的超级参数，以找到效用驱动的解决方案。我们还评估了上述任务的双重退火和子公司算法，同时保持了道德研究的无偏测试角度。计算效率和整体适应性被认为是评估相关算法的关键磁性参数，还重点是可变输入种子，以找到最合适的效用驱动策略。在经验上获得了模拟退火，成为表现最佳的启发式策略，其适合度为760，其优于其他算法，并在各种输入种子和个体性能指标上提供了一致的性能。

我们介绍了Net2Brain，这是一种图形和命令行的用户界面工具箱，用于比较人工深神经网络（DNNS）和人脑记录的代表空间。尽管不同的工具箱仅促进单个功能或仅关注一小部分监督图像分类模型，但Net2Brain允许提取600多个受过培训的DNN的激活，以执行各种视觉相关的任务（例如，语义段，深度估计，深度估计，深度估计，深度估计，估计，深度率，在图像和视频数据集上均具有动作识别等）。该工具箱在这些激活上计算代表性差异矩阵（RDM），并使用代表性相似性分析（RSA），加权RSA（在特定的ROI和探照灯搜索中）将其与大脑记录进行比较。此外，可以在工具箱中添加一个新的刺激和大脑记录数据集以进行评估。我们通过一个示例展示了如何使用Net2Brain的功能和优势来检验认知计算神经科学的假设。

检测假新闻对于确保信息的真实性和维持新闻生态系统的可靠性至关重要。最近，由于最近的社交媒体和伪造的内容生成技术（例如Deep Fake）的扩散，假新闻内容的增加了。假新闻检测的大多数现有方式都集中在基于内容的方法上。但是，这些技术中的大多数无法处理生成模型生产的超现实合成媒体。我们最近的研究发现，真实和虚假新闻的传播特征是可以区分的，无论其方式如何。在这方面，我们已经根据社会环境调查了辅助信息，以检测假新闻。本文通过基于混合图神经网络的方法分析了假新闻检测的社会背景。该混合模型基于将图形神经网络集成到新闻内容上的新闻和BI定向编码器表示的传播中，以了解文本功能。因此，这种提出的方​​法可以学习内容以及上下文特征，因此能够在Politifact上以F1分别为0.91和0.93的基线模型和八西八角数据集的基线模型，分别超过了基线模型，分别在八西八学数据集中胜过0.93